Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia

reached.

Considering problems of integration of Russia and Kazakhstan, it is

possible to conclude, that the activation of economic links between the

countries directly depends on the decision of legal, political, economic

and ecological problems precluding their more effective activity. The

opportunities by wider attract in a long-term perspective appreciably

depend on those political courses, which will be selected by both

countries. According to our reckoning, the creation of the common market of

Kazakhstan and Russia will allow to support steady solvency demand for

production of real sectors of economy of the countries on the basis of the

long-term target and selective contracts.

Thus, the necessity of effective economic interaction between the

countries stipulates necessity of the further decision of existing problems

and uses of every possible redundancy of premises of rise of manufacture.

3. involvement in international organizations, kazakhstan and russia

For anybody not a secret, that creation and the operation of regional

systems of safety in Central Asia was called by the following basic

reasons:

First, inability of the states becoming in plants of aggressive plans

of the international terrorist architectures, appearing under Islamic by

the slogans and using financial support international extremism of

architectures to give them effective defense;

Secondly, double standards of the conducting countries of West,

including USA, Great Britain, in a ratio of operations of a series of

terrorist architectures considered by them as battle groups national fight

for freedom of driving. By characteristic development of double standards

was, for example, the refusal of the American authorities to satisfy the

request Ministry of Foreign Affairs Peoples Republic Of China about output

gripped in captivities in Afghanistan of hits - citizens of Peoples

Republic of China Uygur of a nationality. A motivation: the Washington does

not consider Driving for independence East Turkestan as terrorist

architecture;

Thirdly, the anti Soviet moods, cultivated in West by decades, in a

defined measure were transformed in anti Russian, especially to first half

90 years. Therefore warnings of Russia, states of Central Asia, closely

face with operations of the international terrorist gangs in Chechnya, in

Batken, about real consequences of their activity were not heard.

It would be possible to explain creation of military-aerial basses of

USA in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan still by war

against a condition taliban. But there is a question, why these basses

began to be established as a matter of fact after completion of an active

military phase of rout taliban of a condition. Moreover, arranging of

basses air force of USA not only in Afghanistan, but also in Kyrgyzstan,

and also Tajikistan bordering with China, on defined reflections. In

particular, involuntarily there is an idea: whether can these basses

hypothetically and in a defined situation to be used as basis of a dual

purpose - not only against hits in Afghanistan, but also against China or

even against Russia.

After September 11 and especially after an overthrow reactionary

taliban of a condition in Afghanistan and ascertaining of the American

military presence in Central Asia basic; in essence there is a

consideration of an opportunity of cooperating of these architectures from

USA, for, without the account of policy of Russia, China and USA and

understanding of principles of a guard by these states of the national

interests, it is impossible to explain a situation in sphere of a safety in

region.

Whether such script of a development of events in next China is

necessary to Kazakhstan and other countries of region.

Uniquely - is not present. The consequences of disorder USSR, as is

known, have done without in tens thousand life and millions refugees.

The important element of regional cooperating is the effective

military-engineering cooperating between the countries by the members DKNB.

Today any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective

to refuse from former Soviet, so, present Russian weapon and military

engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved.

The important element of regional cooperating is the effective

military-engineering cooperating between the countries - members DKNB Today

any country of Central Asia is not capable in the nearest perspective to

refuse from former Soviet, so, presents Russian weapon and military

engineering. Hence, the key role of Russia in this direction will be saved.

Though other points of view take place also:

a) In opinion of the Uzbek experts, principal reason of an exit of

Tashkent from DKNB was ostensibly refusal of the Russian side to sell to

Uzbekistan necessary arms and military engineering, when the country has

exposed to attacks of gangs of the international terrorists.

In these conditions of Uzbekistan forced to convert to active cooperating

from USA;

b) In mass - media the hearings, on the one hand, are persistently

spreader that Russia ostensibly is not interested in maintenance vehicle

launching of Baikonur, recognizing schedule to transfer all rocket start-

ups on vehicle launching or to realize start-ups from tropics, and with

another - that vehicle launching of Baikonur to Kazakhstan anything, except

for harm, does not bring.

Tragedy of September 11 and military action, which has followed behind

it, of USA in Afghanistan by a radical image, have changed a situation in

our region. In this connection experts of Kazakhstan Contract, being the

member, of collective safety, expected, that the states the members DKNB

will consult among themselves on all questions of the international safety,

including regional, but, unfortunately, such has not taken place also it

once again speaks that one of the reasons of an inefficiency DKNB is an

existing level of ratios between Russia and other sides of the Contract. On

my sight, on the one hand, Russia till now is not ready to equal in rights

partner to ratios with the new independent states, and, with another - in

the countries FSU of space the suspiciousness and uncertainty is still

saved in what policy Russia will realize further.

Therefore, on my sight, the special urgency is acquired now by

necessity of amplification of mutual confidence, openness, knowledge, first

of all, between Kazakhstan and Russia having on FSU space the special level

of ratios and the best premises for creation of allied ratios.

Thus, at folding geopolitical the structure of regional systems of

safety is necessary different level. In particular, Kazakhstan and Russia

should not wait of operations on the part of other countries of region, by

a phantom of the dollar help, and actively be shaded slide on a path not

only economic integration in frameworks EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union),

but also development of systems of safety in frameworks DKNB.

Similar situation in a ratio of cooperating with China within the

framework of the Shanghai architecture of cooperating in a direction of

struggle with terrorism, extremism and separatism

Appearing on January 25 this year at the extended meeting of the principals

of the executive authority Republic Of Kazakhstan, the President

N.Nazarbayev has formulated seven tasks facing to government, including in

the field of exterior policy.

January 25, 2002 in Almaty the third session Integration of committee

EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) has passed, on which 28 questions were

considered, from which on 27 the decision is accepted. The totals of

operation of this session, unfortunately, have appeared unfavorable:

a) The participants still were not defined, in what direction it is

necessary to explicate cooperating;

b) Each participant wants first of all to defend the interests, instead

of interests of the partners. Therefore, in particular, customs duties

till now are not strip-chart unified to establish a condition of

preference for mutual trade;

c) The countries EAEU (Euro-Asian Economic Union) tend in WTO, supposing

already others, and very rigid, condition, not having matched the

positions.

Nevertheless of Kazakhstan appears for a development EAEU (Euro-Asian

Economic Union), and also others (organization structures with

participation of Russia, as such policy in finished the score answers

interests without dangerous of our country.

3.1 The Eurasian Union: Realities and Perspectives

For five years already Kazakhstan, Russia, and other post-Soviet

states, most of which are united in the Commonwealth of Independent States,

have developed in the situation of a new political reality as equal agents

of the world order. But the process of the formation of new independent

states and open democratic social systems has just begun.

Without going into detailed critique of the CIS, let us note that all

its activities and all the bilateral and multilateral efforts of its member

states clearly show that the time has come for a more effective, deep, and

diverse integration of the countries involved - the kind of integration

that would achieve a stabilization of the situation in the economy and

ensure its development on a qualitatively new basis. This applies above all

to the economies of Kazakhstan and Russia, which might become the engines

of future integrative processes in the post-Soviet space. There are also

quite a few issues pertaining to cooperation in the military-political,

scientific-technological, humanitarian, and other spheres, which are

awaiting their solution in the framework of a more effective integration

model. The idea of the formation of the Eurasian union of states proposed

by President Nazarbayev is precisely such a model; it organically combines

both the existing realities and the objective needs of today and tomorrow.

Taking into account the differences between our countries in the

levels of development of market economy, in the democratization of

political processes, we propose to establish an additional integrative

structure, the Eurasian Union, whose activities would be combined with

those of the CIS. In doing so, the member states will take into account the

diversity of integration scenarios and differences in the rate, form, and

direction of CIS states’ development. Thus there is an urgent need for the

formation of a new economic order in the CIS.

It can thus be said that the draft project for the formation of the EAU is

in keeping with the natural aspirations of the peoples living in the post-

Soviet space, the idea of new integration. The project has not only

acquired a great many supporters but has also proved that it is realistic,

urgent, and vital.

Turning to the genesis of that integrative idea, it must be recalled

that the Kazakhstan leader advocated the preservation of good relations and

re-integration on a new basis of the former Soviet republics from the very

first days of the new states acquiring independence. President Nazarbayev

stressed repeatedly that he never raised the idea of independence to the

status of a fetish but rather endeavored to preserve old ties and create

new ones. The idea of the Eurasian Union originates in the midst of life,

in the simple and universal human needs.

From that moment, the debate on the idea of the EAU assumed a new

tone. It accelerated the political crystallization on the choice between

further disintegration and re-integration on a new basis.

Many participants in the hearings stated that the EAU project offers a

chance for entering the 21st century in a civilized manner, and that it

reflects the objective logic of development of the post-Soviet space and

the consciously realized objective need for the development of integration

processes.

In this way the initiative of forming the Eurasian Union was gaining

momentum. The number of its adherents increased at scholarly events, in

government offices, and in the diplomatic circles. An understanding and

sincere approval of the EAU project was expressed, among others.

The proposals contained in the EAU project - to introduce unified visa

procedures, to guarantee the freedom of movement, to make the ruble the

settlement unit, to create a unified system of defense, parliament,

legislation, and an executive committee as an interstate organ - were at

first guardedly received by some public figures. However, the numbers of

adherents of integration are growing. Clearly, their approaches to the

problem differ, but their desire for integration remains strong.

On the question of the main principles of the EAU project, it must be

stressed that the EAU is a union of equal, independent states aimed at the

realization of the national interests of each member state and of the

available integration potential. The EAU is a form of integration of

sovereign states with the aim of consolidating stability and security and

socioeconomic modernization in the post-Soviet space. Economic interests

determine the foundations of the rapprochement among the independent

states. The political institutions of the EAU must adequately reflect these

interests and facilitate economic integration.

The following principles and mechanism of formation of the Eurasian

Union are proposed:

— National referendums or decisions of parliaments on the entry of

states in the EAU;

— The signing by member states of a treaty on the setting up of the EAU

on the basis of the principles of equality, noninterference in the affairs

of each other, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity and

inviolability of state borders. The treaty must lay the legal and

organizational foundations for deeper integration, with the formation of an

economic, currency, and political union as its goal;

— No associated membership is permitted in the EAU;

— Decisions are carried in the EAU by the qualified majority of four-fifths

(4/5) of the overall number of member countries.

Independent states join the EAU, if the following preliminary

conditions are satisfied:

— Mandatory compliance with endorsed inter-state agreements;

— Mutual recognition of the existing political institutions of the EAU

member countries;

— Recognition of territorial integrity and inviolability of the

borders;

— Rejection of economic, political, and other forms of pressure in

inter-state relations;

— Cessation of hostilities among member countries.

New members enter the EAU after an expert evaluation is passed on

their readiness to enter the EAU and all EAU members vote unanimously on

it. An organ formed on parity terms by the states, which expressed their

readiness to become EAU members, proposes expert evaluations.

EAU states may take part in other integrative alliances, including the CIS,

on the basis of associated or permanent membership or in the role of an

observer.

Every member can leave the EAU, giving notice not later than six

months before the decision is made.

It is suggested to form the following supranational bodies:

— The Council of EAU Heads of State and Heads of Government - the

highest organ of EAU political leadership. Each member state chairs the EAU

for a period of six months in rotation according to the Cyrillic alphabet.

— The highest consultative and advisory body is the EAU Parliament. The

Parliament is formed by delegating deputies of the member states'

parliaments on the basis of equal representation of each member country or

through direct elections. Decisions of the EAU Parliament come into force

after their ratification by the parliaments of the EAU states. Ratification

must be effected within the period of one month.

— The main area of the activity of the EAU Parliament is coordination

of the member countries' legislation to insure the development of a unified

economic space, protection of the social rights and interests of

individuals and of mutual respect for state sovereignty and civil rights

within EAU states.

— The EAU Parliament creates a common legal basis to regulate the relations

between the member countries' economic agents.

— The Council of EAU Foreign Ministers, to coordinate the member countries'

foreign-policy activities.

— The Inter-state Executive Committee of the EAU - an executive and

supervisory body functioning on a permanent basis. The EAU heads of state

appoints the head of the Executive Committee -a representative of the

member countries — for a period defined by the heads. The Executive

Committee's bodies are formed to include representatives of all the

countries.

The EAU as represented by its Executive Committee must receive observer

status in a number of major international organizations, such as:

— The EAU Executive Committee's Information Bureau. The member countries

must assume a special obligation or law not to permit unfriendly statements

about the treaty's member states, which may damage relations between them.

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