Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia

the countries of foreign countries (83 %) (Diagrama5).

The indexes of export of petroleum in 2001 essentially have varied as

contrasted to 2000. Alongside with export of Kazakhstan realizes import of

petroleum. And 98 % of all imported volumes of petroleum are necessary on

Russian Federation.

The lowering of the excise rates on imported petrol with 80 up to 31

EURO per ton in 2001 and falling recently of world prices per oil promoted

magnifying of delivering of the Russian oil for in-house processing. The

export of petroleum to the countries of CIS became more attractive for

Russia, than the delivering of oil on the world market, as, for example, in

Kazakhstan of the price on the same aspects of petroleum is much higher

Russian.

Kazakhstan more than on 50 % depends on Russia in a ratio of delivering

of crude oil on refinery factory in Shimkentand Pavlodar receive west

Siberian oil on the algorithm manifold from Omsk. Pavlodar refinery factory

on 100 % depends from west Siberian of oil. Shimkent usually works on 75 %

on west Siberian and on 25 % on raw material Kumkol of a deposit. Today

dependence from of west Siberian oil “Orgsintez” is reduced half at the

expense of use of the Aktyubinsk oil, transport by a railway transportation

from west of Kazakhstan. Because of lowering production of oil on west

Siberian deposits, fadeout of payments and mutual debts the question of

security by oil Pavlodar and Shimkent refinery factory more than once

acquired critical character, and the capacity factor of powers of these

enterprises frequently lowered below 0,5.

Its technological dependence on Russia falls into basic problems

Pavlodar refinery factory: the production cycle of the enterprise is

calculated for consumption west Siberian of oil with the low contents of

sulfur and paraffin. The perspectives flagship of the Kazakhstan oil

processing is complicated with its neighborhood with the Russian factories

- competitors:

Omsk, Ufa, Volgograd refinery factory by the enterprises being

vertically - integrated, they have stable access to crude oil, besides on

reduced prices, which the necessities of northern Kazakhstan in petroleum

could at desire completely satisfy.

Structure of export of the Kazakhstan oil, 2001

[pic]

Diagram 5

In oil and gas of branch the cooperating explicates also through link of

share development of the Kazakhstan deposits. Russia in the projects on

natural resources users in region of Republic of Kazakhstan, as it is

possible to see from the Diagrama6, occupies the fourth place and makes 6

%. The Russian investments in a mineral-raw complex (MSK) of Kazakhstan

have made in 2000 32,2 million of dollars, including in investigation

hydrocarbon of raw material (UVS) 3,5 mln of dollars, in production of hard

minerals (TPI) - 28,7 mln of dollars.

Two Russian investors “Bashnevt” and OJSC “Lukoil” submit the

investments in UVS. In oil branch of Kazakhstan the company “Lukoil” is

submitted in such large projects, Tengiz and Karachiganak Besides “Lukoil”

is ready to expand the presence at Kazakhstan, messages not only

development of ready deposits, but also prospecting operations.

The large interest in relation to Kazakhstan is expressed with the large

oil Russian company “Yokus” which has received a section for developments

in Russia and region of Kazakhstan.

Structure of the direct foreign investments in Kazakhstan,2000[pic]

Diagram 6

In sphere TPI of Kazakhstan the Russian investors are submitted by

such large companies, as the Russian Academy of Science of European

Economic Community (83,9 %), OJSC “Magnitogorsk” metallurgical combine

(10,6 %) and NPK “Investor” (3,8 %).

The Kazakhstan enterprises also show interest to the Russian projects.

So, “Kazakhoil” (“Kazmunaigas”) negotiates for share developments in Tomsk

region, on a deposit “Komsomolsk” in the Astrakhan region. At Kazakhstan

oilman there are intentions to develop deposits in the Arkhangelsk region.

Since 2000 the electric power system of Kazakhstan works in a parallel

condition from European Economic Community of Russia and grid system of the

countries of Central Asia.

The parallel operation of electric power systems considerably has

boosted quality of electrical power and reliability of electro supply of

consumers of Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Russian Federation, and also has

allowed operatively to realize surplus of electricity both transit of

electrical power and powers, it is more rational to use power powers of

electrical stations. The electric power system of Kazakhstan and Russian

Academy of Science European Economic Comminity of Russia is called secure

each other in case of crashes.

In the whole cooperating of Kazakhstan and Russia in fuel and energy

sphere has noticeable perspectives.

Rather perspective the project of transfer of a direct current

Ekibastuz - Tambov by voltage 1 500 sq is. This project opens an

opportunity of transport of the electric power of the Siberian power

stations and Ekibastuz heater in central regions of Russia and in the

countries of Europe.

With the purposes of security of a mutually acceptable uniform tax

condition of trade in the electric power, utilities equipment it is

expedient to realize transition of the countries at collection of indirect

taxes on a principle the countries of assignment. In this connection for a

heightening of efficiency of a parallel operation of electric power systems

the simplification of customs procedures is important at migration of

electrical power through the customs boundary.

The major factor of a development of the power market is the deepening

of cooperating in the field of scientific researches and developments of

advanced techniques in manufacture of power, electro technical equipment.

Now all aspects of equipment are made for power stations in Russia,

(Leningrad metal factory, Belenergomash, Uralenergomash, Siberenergomash).

With disintegration of Union economic links between the manufacturers and

consumers of a utilities equipment considerably have worsened, that is

negatively reflected in availability index of product of power complexes of

the country. On this question it is expedient except of concrete measures

at a level of Government.

1.3 Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.

Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications one of the most

perspective regions of a development of two-sided ratios between Kazakhstan

and Russia. Both states in a context of a development of transport

cooperating have the friend for the friend a strategic value, as, apart

from a wide national transport web, occupy defining a geographical

position.

Kazakhstan and Russia are closely coupled by the transport

communications. In this connection of Kazakhstan is sensitive reacts to any

variations under the tariffs for freight traffic on region of Russia.

One of key here of questions - transportation of oil and gas through

region of Russia. In aggregate transportation of the Caspian oil and in the

whole oil is one of the major sides of the Russia -Kazakhstan cooperating.

First of all this magnifying of a channel capacity of an oil pipeline

Atyrau – Samara up to 15 millions tons of oil per one year. The intimation

into service CPC ensures export of the Kazakhstan oil on a long-term

perspective.

In a period with 1995 and till 1999 Russia gave Kazakhstan such quota,

which did not allow the Kazakhstan exporters to involve the algorithm

manifold Atyrau – Samara on an apparent watts its annual channel capacity

in 10,5 mln of tons of oil. And only in 1999 the algorithm manifold was

loaded almost on 100 %. The agreement on magnifying of a quota at transit

of oil in long-distance foreign countries at first up to 5 mln of tons

(December 23, 1998) was signed, and then (February 25, 1999) up to 7,5 mln

of tons (the quota in short-range foreign countries has remained former -

3,5 mln of tons). This decision initiated occurrence of the project of

reconstruction and modernizing of the algorithm manifold Atyrau – Samara

for magnifying of a channel capacity at first up to 12 mln of tons, then -

up to 15 mln of tons.

This project, designed transport companies of both countries - Russian

“Transoil” and Kazakhstan “Kazakhoil”, is favorable to both sides. For

“Transoil” the transportation of the Kazakhstan oil on the algorithm

manifolds that for complete use of their powers does not suffice 20 mln

tons, brings additional profit.

The first stage of reconstruction of the algorithm manifold Atyrau -

Samara- its channel capacity now is realized is lifted up to 12 mln of

tons. Due to this the arrangement with Russia about magnifying of a transit

quota in 2000 also was reached.

For Kazakhstan the magnifying of a channel capacity of the algorithm

manifold Atyrau – Samara and export of oil through Russia opens the

perspective market of selling, what Europe is. On a system of oil pipelines

"«Friendship" the Kazakhstan oil can act in Germanium, Poland, Hungary,

Slovenia, Czechia and Slovakia, where there is a stable demand for oil.

Under the forecasts of the experts, by 2010 Central and East Europe will

import about 80 mln of tons of oil to one year. Now more than half of

volumes of imported oil in this region make delivering of the countries of

CIS, primarily - from Russia (51 %). Having expanded outbound opportunities

in this direction, Kazakhstan can become one of the largest suppliers of

raw material in the European countries.

By share efforts of Kazakhstan and Russia is put into operation

Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The common extent of the algorithm

manifold makes 1 580 km, primal channel capacity 28 mln ton / year. Thus

for reaching a maximum channel capacity 67 mln of tons of oil per one year

(from them 45 mln ton - for Kazakhstan oil supplier) it is necessary only

to augment opportunities of pump stations, that is recognized schedule to

carry out in four stages. There is a construction of the algorithm manifold

up to Atyrau, which will connect Karachiganak with CPC and will allow

originally pumping up to 7 mln of tons of oil, and in future - up to 11 mln

of tons.

During nearest of forty years CPC will be a stable source of the

incomes for the shareholders, and also Russia and Kazakhstan. According to

accounts, for a period of maintenance of the algorithm manifold in federal

and regional budgets of Russia will arrive approximately 23,3 billion of US

dollars as deductions and profit, of Kazakhstan will receive approximately

8,2 billion of dollars.

The development of transport cooperating with Russian Federation is

most actual for Kazakhstan’s for today within the framework of architecture

of regional and transcontinental transit.

Regional transit. Russian Federation is one of the basic countries of

shaping and assignment of transit weights; on its share it is necessary

about 26 % of shaping and 20 % of assignment of weights from total amount

of all transit transportations.

Transcontinental transit. In the whole transit streams in directions

Southeast and East Asia Europe are evaluated approximately in 330 - 400

billion of dollars. Thus up to 20 % of these streams can pass through

region of Russia and Kazakhstan.

Taking into account in the whole size commodity circulation, iron roads of

the Eurasian continent and primarily Kazakhstan and Russia have real

potential for partial stylus orientations transcontinental good traffic

with sea on railway routes.

For Kazakhstan in this direction of activity has a primary value a

development of transportations on Northern corridor Trans Asian of a

railway turnpike on a route “China - Kazakhstan - Russia – Byelorussia

Poland - Germany. Now Kazakhstan together with Russia Europe - Asia and

back carries on active operation on shaping this terrestrial transport

corridor by the message.

As a whole in transport-communication sphere before Kazakhstan the

following tasks stand:

• Saving conditions for transit of the Kazakhstan power resources through

region of Russia, maintenance at a necessary level of quotas on transit of

oil for Kazakhstan.

• Scheduled magnifying of a channel capacity CPC.

• Decision of accumulating questions between the Ministry of means of

communication of Russian Federation and CJSC of “Kazakhstan Temir Joli” on

railroad rates and other questions.

• Creation of the share enterprises in transport branch.

• Realization share transport - communication of the projects on active use

of transit potential of Kazakhstan and Russia.

2. ABOUT A CONDITION OF FOREIGN TRADE BOTH DEV’T OF THE JOINT /

ENTERPRISES KAZAKHSAN AND RUSSIA

Indexes of foreign trade of RK with RF, 1995-2001

| |1995 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |

|Commodity | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2489,2 | 4227,6 | 4 639,3|

|circulation |265,5 |809,0 |257.2 |323.2 | | | |

|In % to the | | 112,7 | 88,5 | 78,1 | 74,8 | 169,8 | 109,7 |

|Export, mln | 2 | 2484,4| 2 | 1 | 1 138,6| 1 769,1| 1 748,4|

|of US dollars|365,8 | |287,8 |611,4 | | | |

|In % to the | | 105 | 92,1 | 70,4 | 70,7 | 155,4 | 98,8 |

|Import, mln | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 350,6| 2458,5 | 2 890,9|

|of US dollars|899.7 |324,6 |969,4 |711,8 | | | |

|In % to the | | 122,4 | 84,7 | 86,9 | 78,9 | 182 | 117,6 i|

|Balance, mln | 466,1| 159,8 | 318,4 | -100,4| -212 | -689,4 | -1 |

|of US dollars| | | | | | |142,5 |

|Specific | 45,1 | 42 | 35,2 | 29,6 | 19,8 | 19,4 | 20,2 |

|in % | | | | | | | |

|Specific | 49,9 | 54,8 | 45,8 | 39,4 | 36,7 | 48,7 | 45,4 |

|in % | | | | | | | |

Russian Federation of the valid historically folded processes of an

economic development is the basic trade partner of Kazakhstan and basic

consumer of Kazakhstan production. The specific gravity of Russian

Federation in volume of export in the countries of CIS annually makes not

less than 91-93 %.

In 1997 the reorientation on a development of the foreign trade links

with the countries of long-distance foreign countries began. In this

connection a -percent ratio in volumes of export between the countries of

Commonwealth essentially has varied. In 1997 there was cutting volumes of

foreign trade between Russia and Kazakhstan, per consequent years this

tendency continued to be magnified. On many goods occupying a powerful

share in export of Kazakhstan production in Russia, there was a significant

lowering of standard items.

In 2000 there was an essential heightening of volumes of export with

all countries - basic trade partners from among Commonwealth. The foreign

trade turnover of Kazakhstan with Russia in 2000 has approximated to a

level of 1997. The export has increased as contrasted to 1999 in 1,5 times,

the import has increased by 82 %. In 2001 as contrasted to 2000 of

delivering in Russian Federation practically have remained at a former

level (reduction by 1 %).

The share of Russia in total amount of export in 2001 has made 20,2 %

(in 2000 -19,4 %).

The greatest specific gravity in structure of export in Russian Federation

occupy:

Mineral products - 47,1 of % in 2001 (46,8 % in 2000): coal - 91 % of

Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

МЕНЮ

Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia